2026 成都双年展-烟火指数,成都市美术馆,成都
Chengdu Biennale-Pulse of Life,Chengdu Art Museum,Chengdu
展览海报 exhibition poster 觉知 -CMYK四川新津观音寺毗卢殿壁画 作品说明
杨冕的 CMYK 系列 是一组以信息技术为方法论基础的绘画实践,作品在媒介结构上由两部分构成:其一是在计算机环境中完成的点阵式数字绘画,其二是通过人工转绘将数字图像重新落实于布面。由此,作品并非简单的“数字生成”或“手工再现”,而是一种在数字系统与绘画物质性之间反复转换的生产机制,强调图像生成过程中的规则性、可控性与方法自觉。 CMYK 是现代印刷工业中经典的套色系统,其工作原理基于色料三原色混合,并加入黑色油墨形成四通道叠加结构。青色(C)、洋红色(M)、黄色(Y)与黑色(K)在该系统中并不是对“自然色彩”的直接复制,而是对色彩的分解、编码与重组。杨冕将这一“工业视觉”的色彩逻辑引入绘画领域,使色彩不再仅承担描绘对象的功能,而转向呈现一种可分析、可计算、可拆分的视觉秩序。 在通用人工智能逐步成为普遍生产力的背景下,艺术创作愈发显现为一种艺术家自洽的个人逻辑系统。绘画在此不仅是图像输出,更是一套关于选择、控制、规则与偏差的组织方式。通过建立可重复的工作程序与明确的视觉语法,艺术家得以抵抗由技术自动化所带来的同质化倾向,使绘画重新获得主体性的定位,并以“精确输出”的方式保留其作为知识形态与感知结构的尊严。 本作以 四川新津观音寺毗卢殿壁画 为重构对象。毗卢殿壁画是明代重要的绘画文化遗产,其图像系统由十二圆觉菩萨与香山图组成,具有宗教叙事、礼仪空间与视觉秩序的多重文化意义。杨冕以其独创的 CMYK 圆点绘画方法,从印刷色彩的“四原色”第一性原理出发,对原壁画图像进行再编码式创作,使传统壁画的视觉结构在新的媒介规则中被重新解释:圆点作为最小视觉单位,既对应像素与网点的现代技术谱系,也成为构成图像的基本语法。 在观看机制上,CMYK 圆点绘画并不提供单一稳定的图像结果,而是通过远近视距的变化、色点叠加的干涉效应与散点式空间组织,制造一种“反视觉”的观看经验。图像并非被动呈现,而是在观众视线的聚合与解码过程中被生成,观众因此成为视觉意义的共同生产者。这种以观看为生成机制的策略,使作品从“再现壁画”转向“重构观看”,从图像的复制转向图像逻辑的再生产。 因此,本作并不以复原历史图像为目的,而是以当代绘画的方式介入文化遗产的视觉结构,在工业色彩系统、数字编码逻辑与宗教壁画传统之间建立新的关联。作品最终指向一种当代艺术的核心目标:通过方法与观看的转向,启迪并深化观众的感知经验,引导其进入尚未被命名的视觉领域,并在共同观看中生成当代绘画的学理逻辑与精神指向。 展出作品 Exhibition paintingsCMYK_净诸业障菩萨、圆觉菩萨,“Purifying Karmic O bstructions” Bodhisattva、“Perfect Enlightenment” Bodhisattva,315x(112+112+112)c m,Acrylic on canvas,2026,Yang Mian(left)
CMYK_普眼菩萨、弥勒菩萨、威德自在菩萨, “Universal V ision” Bodhisattva、“Maitreya” Bodhisattva、“Majestic Power and F reedom” Bodhisattva、315x(840+840+840+840+840)cm,Acrylic on canvas,2026,,Yang Mian(middle) CMYK_文殊菩萨,Manjushri Bodhisattva、315x162,Acrylic on canvas,2026,Yang Mian(Right) CMYK_普觉菩萨、贤善首菩萨,“Universal Awakening” Bodhisattva、“Foremost in Virtue and Goodness”Bodhisattva,315x(112+112+112)c m,Acrylic on canvas, 2026,Yang Mian(left)
CMYK_金刚藏菩萨、清净慧菩萨、辨音菩萨, “Vajra Treasury”Bodhisattva、“Pure Wisdom”Bodhisattva、“Discernment of Sound” Bodhisattva、315x(840+840+840+840+840)cm,Acrylic on canvas, 2026,,Yang Mian(middle) CMYK_普贤菩萨,“Samantabhadra‘ Bodhisattva、315x162,Acrylic on canvas, 2026,Yang Mian(Right) |
展出现场 Installation views展出现场视频 Exhibition videoAwareness
CMYK: Murals of the Pilu Hall, Guanyin Temple, Xinjin, Sichuan Yang Mian’s CMYK series constitutes a painting practice grounded in information technology as a methodological framework. Structurally, the works are composed of two interconnected phases: first, a dot-matrix digital image produced in a computer environment; and second, a manually executed transfer of the digital image onto canvas. Rather than functioning as a simple opposition between “digital generation” and “handmade reproduction,” this process establishes a continuous system of mediation and translation between computational structures and the materiality of painting, foregrounding rule-based production, controllability, and methodological self-awareness. CMYK is a foundational color separation system in modern printing, operating through the subtractive mixing of three primary pigments supplemented by black ink, forming a four-channel overlay structure. Cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K) do not merely replicate “natural” color; rather, they perform a logic of decomposition, encoding, and recomposition. By introducing this industrial visual logic into painting, Yang shifts color away from representational description toward an analyzable and computable visual order. With the arrival of an era shaped by general-purpose artificial intelligence, artistic practice increasingly manifests as an autonomous personal system of logic. Painting, in this context, is not simply the output of images but an organizational mode of decisions, control, rules, and deviations. Through repeatable procedures and a clearly articulated visual syntax, the artist resists the homogenizing tendencies of automation and repositions painting as an epistemic and perceptual structure—preserving its dignity through precision and intention. This work takes the murals of the Pilu Hall at Guanyin Temple in Xinjin, Sichuan, as its object of reconstruction. A significant pictorial heritage from the Ming dynasty, the mural program includes the Twelve Bodhisattvas of Perfect Enlightenment and the Xiangshan imagery, carrying layered meanings of religious narrative, ritual space, and visual order. Using his self-developed CMYK dot technique and beginning from the first principles of four-color printing, Yang re-encodes the mural imagery through a contemporary pictorial system. The dot functions as the smallest visual unit: it aligns with the technological lineage of pixels and halftone screens while simultaneously forming a basic grammar for image construction. In terms of viewing mechanisms, CMYK dot painting does not present a single stable image. Instead, it mobilizes shifts in viewing distance, interference effects produced by layered color dots, and a dispersed spatial organization to construct an “anti-visual” experience. The image is not passively displayed; it is generated through the viewer’s optical aggregation and decoding. In this sense, the viewer becomes a co-producer of visual meaning. This strategy reorients the work from “representing the mural” toward “reconstructing perception,” transforming image reproduction into the reproduction of image logic. Therefore, the work does not aim to restore a historical image as such, but to intervene in the mural’s visual structure through contemporary painting. By establishing new relationships between industrial color systems, digital encoding logics, and the tradition of religious mural painting, the work points toward a central pursuit of contemporary art: to deepen perception through methodological shifts, guide viewers into yet-unnamed visual territories, and generate, through shared viewing, the theoretical logic and spiritual orientation of contemporary painting. |
2025 是,非水墨-观看的迁徙,四川音乐学院美术馆,成都
Ink,Beyond Ink-The Migration of perspectives,
Sichuan Conservatory of Music Art Museum
展览海报 exhibition poster |
展出现场 Installation views |
2025 现实,超现实——中国当代绘画大展,深圳市当代艺术与城市规划馆,深圳
Major Exhibition of Chinese Contemporary painting,
Shenzhen Museum of Contemporary Art & Urban Planning
2024 成都, A4美术馆,成都 Chengdu ,A4 Art Museum ,Chengdu
2024 《致敬.对话中国》-2024年第60届威尼斯双年展平行展,圣基亚拉教堂,威尼斯
Tribute-Dialogue with china(60.Esposizione Internazionale d`Arte)
2022 “迪奥与艺术“展,西岸艺术中心,上海
2022 Art’N Dior, west Bund Art Center,Shanghai
2022 Art’N Dior, west Bund Art Center,Shanghai
展览海报 exhibition poster |
展出作品 Exhibition paintings |
杨冕作品:RGB - 视觉暂留那一刻 光盒,综合媒介,2022,杨冕
RGB-The Moment of Visual Persistence / light box,Mixed Media,2022,Yang Mian
艺术品展简介:
《RGB - 视觉暂留那一刻》系列作品,针对的是全彩色屏幕系统。杨冕用红(R)、绿(G)、蓝(B) 三种色彩来模拟三原色光的复合效果,底色是白(W)。《CMYK》是抽象出圆点来模拟色料,《RGB - 视觉暂留那一刻》是抽象出细线来模拟色光。《RGB- 视觉暂留那一刻》中的“视觉个体性”,首先,也是各种颜色的细线在观者的视网膜中自动调和,生成各自的观看结果。但这一系列作品中主要是大面积的几个色块,没有《CMYK》中的复杂图像。“视觉geti性”主要活跃于“视觉暂留”中。
因为视神经的反应速度,光对视网膜所产生的视觉,在光停止作用后,仍然保留一段时间。而且,不同频率的光在视网膜中有不同的暂留时间。杨冕用红、绿、蓝色的细线创造出特定的绘画,然后以身示范:把他自己对这绘画的视觉暂留记忆,画在同样大小的第二张画面上。观看、暂留、记忆、默画,这四个阶段一路走下来,非常复杂,个体的肉身经验、理性和对可遇不可求的契机之把握,都需要尽力介入。和第一张画相比对的第二张画中,出现了视觉暂留的多种效果:平行变化、视觉错愕、片段交错、衰减消失……
为了让观者更真切的体验“视觉暂离”,杨冕使用了定时明、灭的灯光。起初,一束灯光照 亮左侧的第一张画,右侧的第二张画表达杨冕的视觉暂离记忆,处于暗中。然后,另一束灯光照亮第二张画,第一张画处于暗中。这时,观者可以调动自己观看第一张画后的视觉暂留印象,和杨冕的视觉暂留记忆相比对,揣摩两人的不同。最后,两束灯光一齐亮起,两张画都被照亮,在视网膜中形成新的视觉暂留……
RGB: The Moment of Visual Persistence is concerned with full-color screen display systems. Yang Mian uses red (R), green (G), and blue (B) to imitate the combined effect of these three primary colors on a white (W) background. In CMYK, abstract dots imitate pigment, and in RGB: The Moment of Visual Persistence, abstract lines imitate colored light. The visual democracy of RGB: The Moment of Visual Persistence first requires the automatic admixture of thin colored lines within the viewer’s retina to generate the intended effect. However, the RGB series is dominated by several large blocks of color, not the complex images of CMYK. Thus, in RGB, visual uniqueness primarily exists in the form of visual persistence.
Because of the optic nerve’s reaction speed, the vision that light produces in the retina persists for a time after the light disappears, and different frequencies of light persist for different lengths of time on the retina. Yang Mian uses thin red, green, and blue lines to create a painting, then he demonstrates the persistence of vision. He paints his own memory of the visual persistence of the first painting in a second picture of the same size. He moves through a complex four-stage process: looking, persistence, memory, and painting. As much as possible, he wants to involve his own physical experience, reason, and capture accidental moments. Comparing the first picture to the second reveals the multiple effects of visual persistence: simultaneous changes, visual surprises, staggered parts, and elements that have faded or vanished completely.
So that his viewers more clearly experience the persistence of vision, Yang Mian installs lights that turn on and off at fixed intervals in the viewing space. First, a light illuminates the first painting on the left side and the second painting, which depicts Yang Mian’s memory of visual persistence, remains in darkness on the right side. Next, another light illuminates the second painting, leaving the first one in darkness. In that moment, viewers can make use of the persistence of vision from viewing the first painting, and compare them to Yang’s memories of visual persistence, which shows how the viewer and the artist differ. Finally, both lights turn on at the same time, illuminating the paintings and creating new visual persistence on the retina.
RGB-The Moment of Visual Persistence / light box,Mixed Media,2022,Yang Mian
艺术品展简介:
《RGB - 视觉暂留那一刻》系列作品,针对的是全彩色屏幕系统。杨冕用红(R)、绿(G)、蓝(B) 三种色彩来模拟三原色光的复合效果,底色是白(W)。《CMYK》是抽象出圆点来模拟色料,《RGB - 视觉暂留那一刻》是抽象出细线来模拟色光。《RGB- 视觉暂留那一刻》中的“视觉个体性”,首先,也是各种颜色的细线在观者的视网膜中自动调和,生成各自的观看结果。但这一系列作品中主要是大面积的几个色块,没有《CMYK》中的复杂图像。“视觉geti性”主要活跃于“视觉暂留”中。
因为视神经的反应速度,光对视网膜所产生的视觉,在光停止作用后,仍然保留一段时间。而且,不同频率的光在视网膜中有不同的暂留时间。杨冕用红、绿、蓝色的细线创造出特定的绘画,然后以身示范:把他自己对这绘画的视觉暂留记忆,画在同样大小的第二张画面上。观看、暂留、记忆、默画,这四个阶段一路走下来,非常复杂,个体的肉身经验、理性和对可遇不可求的契机之把握,都需要尽力介入。和第一张画相比对的第二张画中,出现了视觉暂留的多种效果:平行变化、视觉错愕、片段交错、衰减消失……
为了让观者更真切的体验“视觉暂离”,杨冕使用了定时明、灭的灯光。起初,一束灯光照 亮左侧的第一张画,右侧的第二张画表达杨冕的视觉暂离记忆,处于暗中。然后,另一束灯光照亮第二张画,第一张画处于暗中。这时,观者可以调动自己观看第一张画后的视觉暂留印象,和杨冕的视觉暂留记忆相比对,揣摩两人的不同。最后,两束灯光一齐亮起,两张画都被照亮,在视网膜中形成新的视觉暂留……
RGB: The Moment of Visual Persistence is concerned with full-color screen display systems. Yang Mian uses red (R), green (G), and blue (B) to imitate the combined effect of these three primary colors on a white (W) background. In CMYK, abstract dots imitate pigment, and in RGB: The Moment of Visual Persistence, abstract lines imitate colored light. The visual democracy of RGB: The Moment of Visual Persistence first requires the automatic admixture of thin colored lines within the viewer’s retina to generate the intended effect. However, the RGB series is dominated by several large blocks of color, not the complex images of CMYK. Thus, in RGB, visual uniqueness primarily exists in the form of visual persistence.
Because of the optic nerve’s reaction speed, the vision that light produces in the retina persists for a time after the light disappears, and different frequencies of light persist for different lengths of time on the retina. Yang Mian uses thin red, green, and blue lines to create a painting, then he demonstrates the persistence of vision. He paints his own memory of the visual persistence of the first painting in a second picture of the same size. He moves through a complex four-stage process: looking, persistence, memory, and painting. As much as possible, he wants to involve his own physical experience, reason, and capture accidental moments. Comparing the first picture to the second reveals the multiple effects of visual persistence: simultaneous changes, visual surprises, staggered parts, and elements that have faded or vanished completely.
So that his viewers more clearly experience the persistence of vision, Yang Mian installs lights that turn on and off at fixed intervals in the viewing space. First, a light illuminates the first painting on the left side and the second painting, which depicts Yang Mian’s memory of visual persistence, remains in darkness on the right side. Next, another light illuminates the second painting, leaving the first one in darkness. In that moment, viewers can make use of the persistence of vision from viewing the first painting, and compare them to Yang’s memories of visual persistence, which shows how the viewer and the artist differ. Finally, both lights turn on at the same time, illuminating the paintings and creating new visual persistence on the retina.
展出现场 Installation views
2021 2021成都双年展特别邀请展:平行的城市
麓山美术馆,成都
2021 Chengdu Biennale Special Exhibition-Parallel Cities
Luxehills Art Museum of Chengdu,
Chengdu, China
麓山美术馆,成都
2021 Chengdu Biennale Special Exhibition-Parallel Cities
Luxehills Art Museum of Chengdu,
Chengdu, China
杨冕新系列绘画作品:RGB -视觉暂留那一刻 作品说明
杨冕的新系列作品《RGB -视觉暂留那一刻》是杨冕最新的系列作品,和前一个系列作品CMYK一起,《RGB -视觉暂留那一刻》杨冕用不粘连的三个颜色(RGB)一毫米粗细不交接的线组成的画面,来定义“视觉的民主性”的这一创作的学术概念。
在《RGB -视觉暂留那一刻》系列作品中杨冕采用了双重绘画的方法进行创作。
第一重绘画中,杨冕用RGB三种颜色并排的细到1mm的间距的丙烯颜料的线来绘制RGB自发光色彩媒介的调色模式:RGB的光谱,这个光谱中的细到1mm用丙烯颜料绘制的线的色彩混合的结果不是杨冕决定的,是观众通过视网膜的映射而形成的,这样的线是机械的、工整的、不带感情和刻板的。。。它需要人在视网膜的物理作用下去生成图像,当然也许有的人什么也不生成,它是不确定和变化的,因为我们在这里要给你的就是图像的无意义,它只是一个影像产生的方法而已,理论上来说RGB三原色的混合产生除印刷品以外的图像,而CMYK的混合是产生印刷图像的原因。
在第二重绘画中,杨冕和大家讨论了一个视觉民主性的另外一个问题:视觉的暂留。杨冕把这个视觉得来的经验交给观众,杨冕的RGB系列作品做了一个视觉实验,他用在第一重绘画中得来的视觉暂留记忆映像,用第一重绘画中已有的RGB三种颜色并排的细到1mm的间距的丙烯颜料的线来获得视觉暂存体验:平行变化、视觉错愕、片段交错、鲜艳炫目。。。等等,根据这些不确定暂存体验的瞬间记忆,在同等尺寸的画布上用丙烯颜料绘制出第二重绘画。
通过这两重的绘画中的视觉民主性和视觉暂存,杨冕要揭示的问题是:在我们已知的图像生产机制中,RGB和CMYK的融合产生的图像运用中,今天作为艺术的绘画不是RGB和CMYK的融合产生的图像之后的衍生品和图像另类编辑,而是用这两种图像的生产元视觉去提出另外的可能性。
“但CMYK和RGB不会是视觉信息生产技术的终点。在既定理念和逐利模式的惯性驱动下,更逼真的新技术正在不舍昼夜的研发、提升着,更加让人真假难辨,例如全息影像、VR眼镜、裸眼3D等。在不少科幻影视作品中,观众提前看到了未来的异托邦:人们身处封闭的迷局里,科技生产出来的各种逼真视觉信息颠倒众生,他们如醉如痴、无法自拔,几乎完全丧失了寻找出口的意识和契机……
回到出发点,如果肉眼对天然物象的视觉感知是“真相”的话,肉眼其实也有很多局限,也有因人而异、随机变动的方方面面。人类本身是非常有限的,却又想了解真相,以致“真相”对人而言异常复杂,它涉及到经验、理性、超经验和超理性的信仰。“-择录自
-杜曦云《眼见为虚——杨冕的视觉追问》
2021年10月
RGB:红(Red)、绿(Green)、蓝(Blue)
CMYK:青色(Cyan,简称C)、洋红色(Magenta,简称M)、黄色(Yellow,简称Y)、黑色(blacK,简称K)。
杨冕的新系列作品《RGB -视觉暂留那一刻》是杨冕最新的系列作品,和前一个系列作品CMYK一起,《RGB -视觉暂留那一刻》杨冕用不粘连的三个颜色(RGB)一毫米粗细不交接的线组成的画面,来定义“视觉的民主性”的这一创作的学术概念。
在《RGB -视觉暂留那一刻》系列作品中杨冕采用了双重绘画的方法进行创作。
第一重绘画中,杨冕用RGB三种颜色并排的细到1mm的间距的丙烯颜料的线来绘制RGB自发光色彩媒介的调色模式:RGB的光谱,这个光谱中的细到1mm用丙烯颜料绘制的线的色彩混合的结果不是杨冕决定的,是观众通过视网膜的映射而形成的,这样的线是机械的、工整的、不带感情和刻板的。。。它需要人在视网膜的物理作用下去生成图像,当然也许有的人什么也不生成,它是不确定和变化的,因为我们在这里要给你的就是图像的无意义,它只是一个影像产生的方法而已,理论上来说RGB三原色的混合产生除印刷品以外的图像,而CMYK的混合是产生印刷图像的原因。
在第二重绘画中,杨冕和大家讨论了一个视觉民主性的另外一个问题:视觉的暂留。杨冕把这个视觉得来的经验交给观众,杨冕的RGB系列作品做了一个视觉实验,他用在第一重绘画中得来的视觉暂留记忆映像,用第一重绘画中已有的RGB三种颜色并排的细到1mm的间距的丙烯颜料的线来获得视觉暂存体验:平行变化、视觉错愕、片段交错、鲜艳炫目。。。等等,根据这些不确定暂存体验的瞬间记忆,在同等尺寸的画布上用丙烯颜料绘制出第二重绘画。
通过这两重的绘画中的视觉民主性和视觉暂存,杨冕要揭示的问题是:在我们已知的图像生产机制中,RGB和CMYK的融合产生的图像运用中,今天作为艺术的绘画不是RGB和CMYK的融合产生的图像之后的衍生品和图像另类编辑,而是用这两种图像的生产元视觉去提出另外的可能性。
“但CMYK和RGB不会是视觉信息生产技术的终点。在既定理念和逐利模式的惯性驱动下,更逼真的新技术正在不舍昼夜的研发、提升着,更加让人真假难辨,例如全息影像、VR眼镜、裸眼3D等。在不少科幻影视作品中,观众提前看到了未来的异托邦:人们身处封闭的迷局里,科技生产出来的各种逼真视觉信息颠倒众生,他们如醉如痴、无法自拔,几乎完全丧失了寻找出口的意识和契机……
回到出发点,如果肉眼对天然物象的视觉感知是“真相”的话,肉眼其实也有很多局限,也有因人而异、随机变动的方方面面。人类本身是非常有限的,却又想了解真相,以致“真相”对人而言异常复杂,它涉及到经验、理性、超经验和超理性的信仰。“-择录自
-杜曦云《眼见为虚——杨冕的视觉追问》
2021年10月
RGB:红(Red)、绿(Green)、蓝(Blue)
CMYK:青色(Cyan,简称C)、洋红色(Magenta,简称M)、黄色(Yellow,简称Y)、黑色(blacK,简称K)。
展出最作品系列:RGB -视觉暂留那一刻 New project paintings
展出现场 Installation views
2021 2021成都双年展特别邀请展:都市铆钉——艺术群落在西南
成都蓝顶美术馆
2021 Chengdu Biennale Special Exhibition-Urban Humanities
ArtCluster in The Southwest
Blue Roof Museum
成都蓝顶美术馆
2021 Chengdu Biennale Special Exhibition-Urban Humanities
ArtCluster in The Southwest
Blue Roof Museum
展出作品 Exhibition paintings
展出现场 Installation views
2021 2021成都双年展特别邀请展:无尽的庭园
成都中意文化交流城市会客厅
2021 Chengdu Biennale Special Exhibition- Urban Humanities
Sino-Italian Culture Exchange
成都中意文化交流城市会客厅
2021 Chengdu Biennale Special Exhibition- Urban Humanities
Sino-Italian Culture Exchange
展出现场 Installation views
2021 川美:新绘画一代
四川美术学院美术馆
The Generation of
New painting
In SCFAI
四川美术学院美术馆
The Generation of
New painting
In SCFAI
展出历史作品 Earlier paintings
展出最作品系列:RGB -视觉暂留那一刻 New project paintings
展出现场 Installation views
展出现场视频 Exhibition video
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杨冕新作品系列:RGB -视觉暂留那一刻之一,RGB -The moment of visual persistence No.1
视频/Video
杨冕新作品系列:RGB -视觉暂留那一刻之二,RGB -The moment of visual persistence No.2
视频/Video
杨冕新作品系列:RGB -视觉暂留那一刻之三,RGB -The moment of visual persistence No.3
视频/Video
展出最作品系列作品肌理 Texture:RGB -视觉暂留那一刻 New project paintings
2020 与历史同行:四川美术学院80周年
Walk with History:
The 80th Anniversary of the founding
of Sichuan Fine Art Institute(1940-2020)
Art Museum of SCFAI
Exhibited painting:CMYK-董源 天山堂图轴,240x160cm,布面丙烯,杨冕,2020
Walk with History:
The 80th Anniversary of the founding
of Sichuan Fine Art Institute(1940-2020)
Art Museum of SCFAI
Exhibited painting:CMYK-董源 天山堂图轴,240x160cm,布面丙烯,杨冕,2020
摄制宣传片 Promotional trailer
展出作品及开幕式 Exhibited works and opening ceremony






































































































































































































